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Central America

Jungles, volcanoes, dazzling wildlife, and more await you in Central America--but so do several health risks. Staying healthy can make or break any trip, so read on to get some preparatory information about the regions health challenges.

Enjoying your trip to its fullest always involves some amount of preparation and knowledge, so to make your planning easier weve put together some basic information outlining the general risks you might face in Central America. Consult the World Health Organization (WHO) or the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the most up-to-date information on current health risks, and ask your physician about the best courses of vaccinations and malaria prophylaxis for the area youre visiting.

Food and Water:
Stick with bottled or purified water, and only eat cooked vegetables and peeled fruit, as well as well-cooked meat and seafood--these simple rules can easily be the key to staying healthy during your vacation in Central America. Except in the most established and hygienic of restaurants, ceviche, a regional specialty of raw seafood salad, should be avoided, especially if it has any shellfish in it.

Milk is not pasteurized in Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras, so avoid all dairy products. If youre really craving some milk, mix powdered or tinned milk with purified water as a safe alternative.

The Elements:
When youre in the tropics, youre in prime sunshine territory. Clearly this is a plus for all us sun-worshipping folk, but its important to protect yourself from damaging UV rays. Apply lots of sunscreen throughout the day, try to limit your exposure to the sun when you can, and wear protective clothing.

Also, be sure to drink lots of water to stave off dehydration. Drink up even when youre not thirsty, and especially if youre engaging in outdoors activities. Combined with the intensity of the sun, even mild dehydration can really put an unpleasant tinge on your experience.

Altitude Sickness:
If youre planning on doing some trekking in the mountains or on volcanoes, be prepared for some possible bouts of altitude sickness--something that cannot be prevented, but can definitely be alleviated quite easily. For more information, read our How to Avoid Altitude Sickness tip.

Health Risks:
Costa Rica and Panama generally present few risks (other than those pertaining to food and water) if you stick to the big cities, beaches, and main tourist spots. However, these countries rural areas--as well as other surrounding countries--contain maladies that you should know about.

Malaria is a year-round risk in Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, and Panama--with the exception of urban areas. If you plan on venturing outside of the cities, consult your doctor several months before your departure to determine the best course of malaria medication for you. Dengue fever has been reported in the above countries, so arm yourself against mosquitoes with strong insect repellent. Mosquitoes are easily attracted to moisture--mosquito nets are advised if youre staying in coastal areas. For more information on dealing with insects, read our Creepy, Crawly Critters tip.

Rabies is widespread throughout Central America, so abstain from provoking stray dogs or other animals in the wild. If you get bitten, seek medical help immediately. Fluke illnesses (from bacteria transmitted in food), Chagas disease, leptospirosis, and lesihmaniasis have been reported in rural foci throughout the region. Schistosomiasis (bilharzia) occurs in some freshwater sources, so avoid swimming and paddling in freshwater whenever possible (for more information on this matter, read our Take Me to the River tip).

Immunization Suggestions and Requirements:
The following information was culled from reputable sources, such as CDC and WHO and reflects countries currently featured on Travelocity.com.

Belize

  • Hepatitis A, typhoid, cholera, polio
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travelers coming from infected areas

Costa Rica

  • Typhoid, polio, cholera (although chances of contracting the latter are very slight)

Guatemala

  • Cholera, hepatitis A, polio, typhoid
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travelers over one year old coming from infected areas

Honduras

  • Hepatitis A, typhoid, cholera, polio
  • Yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travelers coming from infected areas

Panama

  • Hepatitis A, cholera, typhoid
  • Yellow fever vaccination is strongly recommended for travel outside of urban areas, even if an outbreak of the disease has not been reported

   
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